上一篇介绍的基本的使用方式，自由度很高，但是编写的代码相对就多了。而我所在的行业其实大部分都是定题爬虫, 只需要采集指定的页面并结构化数据。为了提高开发效率, 我实现了利用实体配置的方式来实现爬虫
创建 Console 项目
利用NUGET添加包DotnetSpider2.Extension
定义配置式数据对象
- 数据对象必须继承 SpiderEntity
- EntityTableAttribute中可以定义数据名称、表名及表名后缀、索引、主键或者需要更新的字段
- EntitySelector 定义从页面数据中抽取数据对象的规则
- TargetUrlsSelector定义符合规则(正则)的目标链接, 用于加入到队列中
定义一个原始的数据对象类
public class Product : SpiderEntity
{
}
使用Chrome打开京东商品页 http://list.jd.com/list.html?cat=9987,653,655&page=2&JL=6_0_0&ms=5#J_main
- 使用快捷键F12打开开发者工具
- 选中一个商品，并观察Html结构
可以看到每个商品都在class为gl-i-wrap j-sku-item的DIV下面，因此添加EntitySelector到数据对象Product的类名上面。（ XPath的写法不是唯一的，不熟悉的可以去W3CSCHOLL学习一下, 框架也支持使用Css甚至正则来选择出正确的Html片段）。
[EntitySelector(Expression = "//li[@class='gl-item']/div[contains(@class,'j-sku-item')]")]
public class Product : SpiderEntity
{
}
-
添加数据库及索引信息
[EntityTable("test", "sku", EntityTable.Monday, Indexs = new[] { "Category" }, Uniques = new[] { "Category,Sku", "Sku" })] [EntitySelector(Expression = "//li[@class='gl-item']/div[contains(@class,'j-sku-item')]")] -
假设你需要采集SKU信息，观察HTML结构，计算出相对的XPath, 为什么是相对XPath？因为EntitySelector已经把HTML截成片段了，内部的Html元素查询都是相对于EntitySelector查询出来的元素。最后再加上数据库中列的信息
[EntityTable("test", "sku", EntityTable.Monday, Indexs = new[] { "Category" }, Uniques = new[] { "Category,Sku", "Sku" })] [EntitySelector(Expression = "//li[@class='gl-item']/div[contains(@class,'j-sku-item')]")] public class Product : SpiderEntity { [PropertyDefine(Expression = "./@data-sku")] public string Sku { get; set; } }
-
爬虫内部，链接是通过Request对象来存储信息的，构造Request对象时可以添加额外的属性值，这时候允许数据对象从Request的额外属性值中查询数据
[EntityTable("test", "sku", EntityTable.Monday, Indexs = new[] { "Category" }, Uniques = new[] { "Category,Sku", "Sku" })] [EntitySelector(Expression = "//li[@class='gl-item']/div[contains(@class,'j-sku-item')]")] public class Product : SpiderEntity { [PropertyDefine(Expression = "./@data-sku")] public string Sku { get; set; } [PropertyDefine(Expression = "name", Type = SelectorType.Enviroment)] public string Category { get; set; } }
配置爬虫（继承EntitySpider）
public class JdSkuSampleSpider : EntitySpider
{ public JdSkuSampleSpider() : base("JdSkuSample", new Site
{ //HttpProxyPool = new HttpProxyPool(new KuaidailiProxySupplier("快代理API")) })
{
} protected override void MyInit(params string[] arguments)
{
Identity = Identity ?? "JD SKU SAMPLE";
ThreadNum = 1; // dowload html by http client
Downloader = new HttpClientDownloader(); // storage data to mysql, default is mysql entity pipeline, so you can comment this line. Don't miss sslmode.
AddPipeline(new MySqlEntityPipeline("Database='mysql';Data Source=localhost;User ID=root;Password=;Port=3306;SslMode=None;"));
AddStartUrl("http://list.jd.com/list.html?cat=9987,653,655&page=2&JL=6_0_0&ms=5#J_main", new Dictionary<string, object> { { "name", "手机" }, { "cat3", "655" } });
AddEntityType<Product>();
}
}
-
其中AddStartUrl第二个参数Dictionary<string, object>就是用于Enviroment查询的数据
-
TargetUrlsSelector，可以配置数据链接的合法性验证，以及目标URL的获取。如下表示目标URL的获取区域是由XPATH选择，并且要符合正则表达式 &page=[0-9]+&
[EntityTable("test", "jd_sku", EntityTable.Monday, Indexs = new[] { "Category" }, Uniques = new[] { "Category,Sku", "Sku" })] [EntitySelector(Expression = "//li[@class='gl-item']/div[contains(@class,'j-sku-item')]")] [TargetUrlsSelector(XPaths = new[] { "//span[@class=\"p-num\"]" }, Patterns = new[] { @"&page=[0-9]+&" })] public class Product : SpiderEntity { [PropertyDefine(Expression = "./@data-sku")] public string Sku { get; set; } [PropertyDefine(Expression = "name", Type = SelectorType.Enviroment)] public string Category { get; set; } }
-
添加一个MySql的数据管道，只需要配置好连接字符串即可
context.AddPipeline(new MySqlEntityPipeline("Database='test';Data Source=localhost;User ID=root;Password=1qazZAQ!;Port=3306"));
完整代码
public class JdSkuSampleSpider : EntitySpider
{
public JdSkuSampleSpider() : base("JdSkuSample", new Site
{
//HttpProxyPool = new HttpProxyPool(new KuaidailiProxySupplier("快代理API")) })
{
}
protected override void MyInit(params string[] arguments)
{
Identity = Identity ?? "JD SKU SAMPLE";
ThreadNum = 1;
// dowload html by http client
Downloader = new HttpClientDownloader();
// storage data to mysql, default is mysql entity pipeline, so you can comment this line. Don't miss sslmode.
AddPipeline(new MySqlEntityPipeline("Database='mysql';Data Source=localhost;User ID=root;Password=;Port=3306;SslMode=None;"));
AddStartUrl("http://list.jd.com/list.html?cat=9987,653,655&page=2&JL=6_0_0&ms=5#J_main", new Dictionary<string, object> { { "name", "手机" }, { "cat3", "655" } });
AddEntityType<Product>();
}
}
[EntityTable("test", "jd_sku", EntityTable.Monday, Indexs = new[] { "Category" }, Uniques = new[] { "Category,Sku", "Sku" })]
[EntitySelector(Expression = "//li[@class='gl-item']/div[contains(@class,'j-sku-item')]")]
[TargetUrlsSelector(XPaths = new[] { "//span[@class=\"p-num\"]" }, Patterns = new[] { @"&page=[0-9]+&" })]
public class Product : SpiderEntity
{
[PropertyDefine(Expression = "./@data-sku", Length = 100)]
public string Sku { get; set; }
[PropertyDefine(Expression = "name", Type = SelectorType.Enviroment, Length = 100)]
public string Category { get; set; }
[PropertyDefine(Expression = "cat3", Type = SelectorType.Enviroment)]
public int CategoryId { get; set; }
[PropertyDefine(Expression = "./div[1]/a/@href")]
public string Url { get; set; }
[PropertyDefine(Expression = "./div[5]/strong/a")]
public long CommentsCount { get; set; }
[PropertyDefine(Expression = ".//div[@class='p-shop']/@data-shop_name", Length = 100)]
public string ShopName { get; set; }
[PropertyDefine(Expression = ".//div[@class='p-name']/a/em", Length = 100)]
public string Name { get; set; }
[PropertyDefine(Expression = "./@venderid", Length = 100)]
public string VenderId { get; set; }
[PropertyDefine(Expression = "./@jdzy_shop_id", Length = 100)]
public string JdzyShopId { get; set; }
[PropertyDefine(Expression = "Monday", Type = SelectorType.Enviroment)]
public DateTime RunId { get; set; }
}
运行爬虫
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
JdSkuSampleSpider spider = new JdSkuSampleSpider();
spider.Run();
}
}
不到57行代码完成一个爬虫，是不是异常的简单？